中文版Is stuck the material the surface treatment and the glued joint
(one) character of surface influence
1st, cleanliness: A metal surface adsorption cohesive strength low surface energy low pollution level and the oxide film, this will reduce the glue-joint strength. Generally, the metal surface is clean, the contact is very small even is zero. After material handling, contacts changes along with the time, in the air the environment atmosphere's pollution, the angle of contact is elevated easily, after approximately 5H, the angle of contact tends to be stable.
Around surface treatment angle of contact and glue-joint strength
Metallization method angle of contact () shearing strength Mpa
Aluminum raw sewage degreasing H2SO4/Na2Cr2O7 the H2SO4/Na2Cr2O7+ high temperature has not dried 67 67 0 78 17.2 19.3 36.3 25.5
Stainless steel raw sewage degreasing H2SO4/Na2Cr2O7 50-75 67 10 36.6 44.3 49.7
Titanium raw sewage degreasing H2SO4/Na2Cr2O7 50-75 61-71 10 9.5 22.4 43.2
2nd, roughness: Is stuck the material surface with the gauze polish or the sand blasting, can enhance suitably the superficial coarsening the glue-joint strength. The coarse process elimination exists originally surface layer. Forms the new surface layer (purification), moreover the sand blasting surface will have the bigger actual glued joint area compared to the glazed surface, the surface is too rough will instead reduce the glue-joint strength, because the too rough surface cannot invade good the adhesive Run, depression Yi Canmian the air will be disadvantageous to the glued joint.
Adhesive load ratio solidification condition (oC/H) Upa
Sand blasting polishing
The epoxy - gathers the amide 70/30 74/16 58.3 27.8
60/40 74/16 57.7 34.6
50/50/74/16 59.0 38.2
Epoxy - DTA 100/10 60/96 85.0 61.9
3rd, surface chemistry structure: The superficial chemical composition and the structure to are stuck the material the glued joint performance, the lasting quality, the thermosenescence performance and so on to have the material effect, but the surface texture to the glued joint performance's influence often is through the change surface layer cohesive strength, thickness, the porosity, activeness and the surface energy realizes.
After chromic acid pickling aluminum surface, invades the aluminum test specimen soaks cleans in the 60oC distilled water, in the surface production by the AL2O3.3H2O aluminum oxide hydrate primarily, its cohesive strength is very easily low, thickness >103A, causes the attachment to present the destruction, the intensity reduces greatly, and can in the aluminum preview surface observation unit crystal or the powdery atlas as well as the iridescence interference. Cleans when the hot running water, the packing efficiency is very low, the hydrate production are few, its surface did not look that the iridescence or the unit crystal atlas, the glue-joint strength is high. Therefore, must obtain the high racking strength, the aluminum surface oxide compound should be anhydrous.
After chromium pickling, cleans the condition Mpa destruction type electron diffraction law outward appearance
The running water 60oC 20.6 cohesions do not have the atlas to be colorless
the 90oC 20.0 cohesions do not have the atlas to be colorless
Distilled water 60oC 6.4 adherency unit crystal atlas iridescence
90oC 5.8 stick the powdery atlas iridescence
(two) surface treatment method
1st, resolver lye and ultrasonic wave degreasing law:
Solvent deresining law: Scours the law namely (absorbent cotton) to moisten the resolver like acetone, the gasoline, the toluene commonly used with the non-oil cotton and so on to scour directly is stuck the material surface.
Lye degreasing law: Uses in the hot lye to process the greasy dirt surface, like 30-55% sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7), 10-50% NaOH, 10-6%Na2CO3 or 30-85% alkaline silicate. Although NaOH is the strong alkali, because its moist performance is not too good, is not easy to rinse cleanly, its effect is inferior to the alkaline silicate; The alkaline silicate mixes by SiO2 and Na2O. The proportion is 1:2 when the clean effect is best; When the proportion is 1:1, is suitable in aluminum material clean.
Ultrasonic wave degreasing law: Generally the part places the power is in 20 tile /cm2 ultrasonic wave processes 20-60 seconds then to obtain the enough clean surface.
2nd, machine-finishing: Polish and sand blasting
The sanding operation is simple, but the uniformity is bad, obtains the same redundant effect with difficulty.
The sand blasting can the rapid simple elimination surface contamination, and produces the different roughness surface.
3rd, chemistry etch method:
Sticks the material after the above processing must place in the acid liquor or the lye carries on chemical etching processing. This may further except the superficial on residual contamination, and enables the surface production to have the good cohesive strength activation or the deactivated oxide layer, (strict control water purity).
4th, spreads the bottom bonded joint:
In processes on the surface, spreads very thin bottom rubber first, improves the glued joint performance.
5th, plasma law
Processes PE, the polypropylene, the teflon with the plasma law and so on difficultly to stick the material the glue-joint strength to enhance greatly, this is because after surface treatment, the angle of contact reduces, the limit surface tension increases
Canada, thus the improvement adhesive invades Run and the adhesion to it.
Material glue-joint strength (Mpa) material glue-joint strength
After raw sewage processing, after raw sewage processing,
High-pressured PE 2.2 22.0 polyester B 4.3 8.3
Low pressure PE 2.5 10.3 polyvinyl-fluoride 2.0 9.0
Nylon 6 6.0 27.8 polycarbonates 2.9 6.5
PS 4.0 28.2 polypropylene 2.6 21.7
Polyester A 3.7 11.7 teflon 0.53 5.3
(3) each material surface treatment and glued joint
1st, metallic material
1.1st, aluminum alloys: According to degreasing - - lye processing - - chromic acid acid etching law. The solvent deresining law can only cause the surface layer the autoxidation except the aluminum surface contamination becomes clean; Lye law except greasy dirt, also dissolves the surface layer natural oxide film in the lye, and forms the new oxide film; Pickling law processing can dissolve the surface layer the natural oxide film, and regenerates one compact and the hard oxide film, the membrane thick is 1-3um, the cohesive strength is high, adsorptive attraction, thus the glued joint performance is good, after acid etching's surface often is rinses cleanly in the running water, and presents even water film. Treats scours and in 70°C below dries.
2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO) 4+6H2O
Na2CrO7+ H2SO4 -> Na2SO4+2CrO3+ H2O
2Al+2CrO3 -> Al2O3+ Cr2O3
The American standard processes the H2SO4 - - sodium bichromate solution formula:
Na2CrO7 1 (2.4%) (66-71°C) /10-12 point thick H2SO4 10 (22.4%) (66-71°C) /10-12 point distilled water 30 (73.2%) (66-71°C) /10-12 points
British standard processing formula: Cr2O3 5% either 0 (60-65°C) /30 point Na2CrO7 0 or 7.5% (60-65°C) /30 point thick H2SO4 127.3% either 27.3% 60-65°C) /30 point distilled water 67.7% or 65.5% (60-65°C) /30 point 1.2, carbon steel: Easy to oxidize in the moist air produces Fe2O3.n H2O.
the (1)th, solvent deresining - - the room temperature soaks the 5-10min-- polymerization rinse cleanly in the thick HCL1 share and in the H2O1 share solution, to dry - - drying (93°C,10min)
(2), the solution degreasing - - in Na2CrO7 (4), thick H2SO4 (10) and 30 distillation peroxide solutions 71-77°C under soaks 10min-- other with (1).
(3), the solution degreasing - - in the sulfuric acid sour sodium (30), the laundry powder (3) and the water (96.7) in 60-65°C under soaks 5-10min-- to rinse clean and in 100-105°C drying.
1.3rd, stainless steel
(after 1), degreasing, in 60-65°C under soaks 15min in 100 thick H2SO4 and in 3 Na2CrO7 solutions, cleaning drying.
(after 2), degreasing, in 100 thick HCL, 4 H2O2 (30%), 20 formaldehyde (40%) and in 90 H2O in 65°C soaks 10 minutes. After the cleaning, places thick H2SO4 (100), Na2CrO7 (10) and H2O (30) in 65°C under soaks 10min, cleaning drying.
(after 3) degreasing, in thick HCL (2), the hexamethylene tetramine amine (5), H2O2 (1) and H2O (20) in 65-70°C soaks 10min, cleaning drying.
1.4th, titanium alloys:
after (1) degreasing, in 2.7g H2O2 (50%), in 9.6NaOH and 1000mlH2O the room temperature processes 1-2H, cleaning drying.
after (2) degreasing, in 841ml thick HCL, 63ml in the thick HF acid and 89mlH3PO4 the room temperature soaks 2min, cleaning drying (82-93°C under 10-15min). Selects the adhesive to have the epoxy, the phenol aldehyde, to gather the imide, to gather high temperature rubber and so on benziminazole.
1.5th, magnesium alloys: The magnesium alloy is the very light metal, its surface activity is greatly easy to produce the oxide film. The magnesium bears the alkali, but responded easily with the methyl ester, therefore the degreasing solvent can only use the acetone, the trichloroethylene and so on.
(after 1), degreasing, (80%) in 60-80°C under soaks 5-10min in NaOH, the cleaning places in 1.8 Ca(NO3) 2, 24 chromic acids, 123 H2O to soak 5-10min in the room temperature, cleaning drying.
(after 2), degreasing, in Cr2O3 (17), NaNO3 (20), in 105 acetic acid and 100 H2O soaks 3min in the room temperature, cleaning drying. Selects EPOXY-- to gather the amide or the EPOXY-- rubber adhesive.
1.6th, coppers: The copper is corroded easily in the moist environment, especially uses the epoxy rubber which the ethylene diamine or DTA solidify to the copper corrosive action to be bigger.
(after 1) degreasing, the room temperature soaks 3min in the mix solution, the cleaning is dry, uses (mixes the solution is immediately thick HCL:FeCL3: H2O=50:20:30)
(after 2) degreasing, soaks approximately 15min in solution HNO3, and scours to all corrosion place vanishing to only, drying uses immediately. Selects EPOXY, to gather the amide, the organosilicon, the phenol aldehyde, the neoprene and Ding Jingjiao and so on.
1.7th, zinc
(after 1) degreasing, (6%) soaks 4min, the cleaning dry in HCL in the room temperature uses immediately.
(after 2) degreasing, 38°C soaks 5min in the mix solution, cleaning drying. (the mix solution is Na2CrO7: Thick H2SO4: H2O=1:2:8), glued joints and so on armor epoxy, polyamine ester, organosilicon, phenol aldehyde.
2nd, high polymer material
2.1 high polymer materials difficult to stick reason:
A, the superficial performance is very low, infiltrates like the silica gel completely with difficulty. PTFE and so on.
B, the surface are nonpolar, the action is low with the adhesive between.
C, surface Yi Xizhi and other low molecular material, elimination difficulty.
D, the thermal-expansion coefficient is high, easy to have the thermal load.
E, the material module is low, easy to have the stress concentration in the contact surface. (selects the solubility parameter with to stick the material close adhesive; Surface treatment, with the aim of enhancing the glue-joint strength)
2.2 contain the fluorine high polymer (teflon PTFE)
A, sodium - - naphthalene - - THF solution etch method. Rc=18.5dyn/cm will contain the fluorine material surface with the thin sanding, the acetone wash, air dries soaks 1-15min in the room temperature processing fluid, this time the surface produces an even brown carbonization thin film (thickness approximately 1um). Takes out with the acetone or the ethanoic acid wash back water cleaning, after air drying immediately the glued joint or dry, deposits February to have the good glued joint performance to March.
Processing fluid configuration: Puts in three bottles sublimates fine naphthalene 118-128g, joins the elimination peroxide four hydrogen fu nan 100ml. After the agitation dissolves, slowly joins the 23-30g sodium piece, responds 1-2H, the solution presents the green (to carry on dry nitrogen, takes strict precautions against O2 and the humidity influence). The processing fluid must may preserve long time of the three month in the inert gas and in the acetic acid seal dry vessel, takes strict precautions against the water vapor and the air plunges.
Gathers the amide rubber glued joint after processing PTFE with EPOXY--, its room temperature is above 11mpa (PTFE/AL).
B fusing potassium acetate law: In 320-330°C processes 6min dry in fusing k+CH3COO-, the laundering then.
With organic silica gel, epoxy rubber, polyurethane, cementations and so on phenol aldehyde - - Ding Jingjiao
Processing method process condition adding water infiltration angle of contact Mpa
Temperature °C time second
Raw sewage - - - - 108 - -
Sodium - ammonia -70 20 63 11.1
Sodium - naphthalene - THF +20 10 points 62 11.7
Potassium acetate +325 6 points 66 11.4
2.3rd, gathers the alkane alkene (polyethylene and polypropylene)
A, bo acid oxidation fluid formula:
Na2CrO7 5 thick H2SO4 8 H2O 100 PE limit surface tension is Rc=31dyn/cm.
PE and PP in 66-71°C soak 1- 5min either 80-85°C process 5-10 second or the room temperature process for 1-1.5 hours. With epoxy rubber glued joint when is by completely the material itself cohesional failure. PS may in Na2CrO7 (10) and thick H2SO4 (90) in the oxidized fluid processes 3-4min.
B, plasma law: The process time the approximately 5 seconds, the glue-joint strength may enhance ten times to dozens of times, PP after processing, TAU by 0.7 rises 16.8mpa. .
Glued joint PE: Epoxy, vinyl acetate - - ethylene copolymer, polyurethane, organosilicon and so on.
Glued joint PP: The epoxy - - gathers the amide, rubber and so on Ding Jingjiao, polyurethane.
Glued joint PS: Neoprene, cyano propylene vinegar, polyurethane, epoxy rubber and so on.
Surface treatment logos to PE glue-joint strength influence
Adhesive raw sewage sandpaper processing chemistry oxo-process plasma
Epoxy 3.2 13.8 33.7 32.6
Polyester 6.0 12.3 27.3 30.3
Phenol aldehyde - Ding nitrile 3.1 3.9 7.2 12.4
2.4th, polyester and polycarbonate
Polyester Rc=43dyn/cm, the polyester surface crystallinity is high, must reduce the crystallinity and increase the polarity, may soak in 20% NaOH solution in 70-95°C processes 10min. The polyester film (wash membrane) with the organosilicon, the polyurethane, linear gathers the vinegar, to gather the amide, the hot melt rubber and so on. The polycarbonate degreasing uses the sanding, with epoxy, polyurethane, rubber and so on saturated polyester.
2.5th, polyether
Metaformaldehyde and chloride polyether difficult glued joint, after acetone degreasing, causes the superficial activation in the processing fluid. Na2CrO7 5 thick H2SO4 8 H2O 100
Metaformaldehyde process condition for room temperature 10-20 seconds; The chlorinated polyether is 65-71°C the next 5-10 points;
The metaformaldehyde uses Ding Jingjiao, the polyurethane, the epoxy and phenol aldehyde - - Ding Jingjiao
The chlorinated polyether uses Ding Jingjiao and the neoprene cementation.
2.6th, gathers the amide
(1) thin sanding in superficial coating meta cresol resin bottom rubber, with epoxy glued joint;
(2) soaks in 80% phenol peroxide solution cleans then water used cleaning drying.
With Ding Jingjiao, the polyurethane, gather the amide, the epoxy, the phenol aldehyde - - Ding nitrile glued joint.
2.7th, celluloids, polymethyl acrylic acid methyl ester, rigid polyvinyl chloride
After degreasing sanding then
The celluloid with Ding Jingjiao, the neoprene, melts rubber hotly and so on rubber, polyurethane;
Polymethyl acrylic acid methyl ester (plexiglass): Ding Jingjiao, neoprene, epoxy and so on;
Rigid polyvinyl chloride: Ding Jingjiao, the neoprene, the white emulsion, have gathered the vinyl chloride, the polyurethane, the epoxy rubber and so on.
2.8th, gathers the imide:
With the acetone degreasing, 5% in 60-90°C under processes 1 minute in the NaOH solution, the glued joint avulses the intensity to enhance above 15 times, uses the epoxy rubber.
2.9th, natural rubber
After the degreasing, with the sanding, uses the ethyl alcohol either the gasoline again scours or soaks thick H2SO4 under the room temperature approximately 15-20min, cleaning drying, with epoxy, furfural resin, chlorine Ding, Ding Jing, polyurethane.
2.10th, synthetic rubber
After the degreasing, with the sanding, places in thick H2SO4 the room temperature soaks 4-8min, after the laundering, puts in 20% ammonium hydroxide to soak 5-10min.
Regarding not saturated carbon chain structure rubber, with rigid epoxy rubber glued joint; The glue-joint strength close or surpasses the rubber itself cohesive strength. If needs the soft attachment available epoxy - - gathers the sulfur, the epoxy - - gathers rubber and so on amide.
Butyl rubber: Polyurethane, organic silica gel and so on;
Butadiene styrene rubber: Ding Jing, polyurethane, organosilicon and so on;
Ding nitrile rubber: Polyurethane, organosilicon, epoxy, phenol aldehyde - Ding Jing and so on;
Fluorine rubber: Epoxy rubber, cyano acrylic ester glued joint;
Silica gel: With the plasma processing surface, makes the glue-joint strength to enhance the several fold.
3rd, other material surface treatment and glued joint
3.1 glass:
After the degreasing, the room temperature soaks 50% Na2CrO7 (3.5) and 100 thick H2SO4 approximately 15-20min. With polyurethane, water-soluble silicate, phenol aldehyde - epoxy, epoxy, phenol aldehyde - - adhesives and so on Ding Jing.
3.2 ceramics: The surface treatment and the glued joint and the glass are the same.
3.3 cement products: After the degreasing, uses rubber and so on sanding, epoxy, urea aldehyde, organosilicon, sodium silicate.
3.4 lumbers: With adhesives and so on urea aldehyde, phenol aldehyde, trichloro cyanamide formaldehyde, epoxy.
