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Can resist one kind of high alloy steel which in the air or in the chemical etching medium corrodes, the stainless steel has the artistic surface and the anti-corrosive performance is good, does not need to pass through colors and so on surface treatments, but displays the stainless steel inherent surface performance, uses in the various steel and iron one kind, usually is called the stainless steel. Has 13 chrome steel on behalf of the performance, 18- chrome-nickel steel contour alloy steel.
From metallography angle analysis, because the stainless steel includes the chromium to cause the surface to form the very thin chromium membrane, this membrane isolates the oxygen which invades into the country into with the steel the anti-corrosive function.
In order to maintain the stainless steel inherent inoxidizability, the steel must include 12% above chromium.
Stainless steel type:
The stainless steel may according to the use, the chemical composition and the Microstructure classifies roughly.
Is a kind of steel as is composed basically take the austenite by 18% chromium - 8% nickel, various elements join the quantitative change difference, but develops each use the aluminum.
By chemical composition classification:
①. CR series: Ferrite series, martensite series
②. CR-NI series: Austenite series, unusual series, precipitation hardening series.
Classifies by the Microstructure:
①. Austenite stainless steel
②. Ferritic stainless steel
③. Martensitic stainless steel
④. Double-phase stainless steel
⑤. Precipitation hardening stainless steel
The stainless steel definition is one kind of high alloy steel which can resist in the air or in the chemical etching medium corrodes, the stainless steel has the artistic surface and the good anti-corrosive performance, does not need to pass through colors and so on surface treatments, but displays the stainless steel inherent surface performance, uses in the various steel and iron one kind, usually is called the stainless steel. Has 13 chrome steel on behalf of the performance, 18- chrome-nickel steel contour alloy steel.
From metallography angle analysis, because the stainless steel includes the chromium to cause the surface to form the very thin chromium membrane, this membrane isolates the oxygen which invades into the country into with the steel the anti-corrosive function.
In order to maintain the stainless steel inherent inoxidizability, the steel must include 12% above chromium.
Characteristic and use:
General characteristic
◆ the surface is artistic as well as use possibility diversification
◆ the anti-corrosive performance is good, is long-time than durably the simple steel
◆ the intensity is high, thus the thin steel plate use's possibility is big
◆ the thermostable oxidation and the intensity are high, can therefore the anti-fire
◆ cold work, namely easy plastic processing
◆ because of does not need the surface treatment, therefore simple, the maintenance is simple
◆ clean, the smooth finish is high
◆ the welding performance is good
Each kind of stainless steel characteristic and use
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Steel grade |
Characteristic |
Use |
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Compares with 304 steel, Cr, the Ni content are few, when cold finishing the tensile strength and degree of hardness advance, nonmagnetic, but after the cold finishing, magnetic. |
Train, aircraft, conveyer belt, vehicles, bolt, nut, spring, strainer |
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Austria |
301 |
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17Cr-7Ni- low-carbon |
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Is in 301 steel foundations, reduces the C content, improvement crater anti-crystal boundary corrosiveness; Through increases the N element to make up the intensity which reduces including the C quantity causes to be insufficient, guarantees the steel the intensity. |
Railroad vehicles skeleton and exterior finishing materials |
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301L |
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17Cr-7Ni-0.1N- low-carbon |
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Body |
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As one versatility the steel, has the good corrosion resistance, the thermal stability, the low temperature intensity and the physical characteristics; The ramming, curving and so on hot-working are good, non-heat treatment hardening phenomenon (nonmagnetic, application temperature - 196℃~800℃). |
Housewares (1, 2 kind of tableware, cabinet, indoor pipeline, water heater, boiler, bathtub), auto part (windshield wiper, silencer, casting), medical instruments, building materials, chemistry, food industry, agriculture, ships part |
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304 |
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Steel |
18Cr-8Ni |
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As the low C 304 steel, under the general condition, its corrosion resistance and 304 were just similar, but after welding or stress-relieving, its anti-intergranular corrosion ability is outstanding; In has not carried on the heat treatment in the situation, can also maintain the good corrosion resistance, the application temperature - 196℃~800℃. |
Applies requests the high chemistry, the coal, the petroleum industry open country open-air machine in the anti-crystal boundary corrosiveness, the building materials heat-resisting components and the heat treatment has the difficulty components |
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304L |
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18Cr-8Ni- low-carbon |
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Because increases Cu its formability, specially the wire drawing and the anti-ageing crack is good, therefore may carry on the complex shape the product forming; Its inoxidizability and 304 same. |
Thermos, kitchen bath tank, pot, pot, heat preservation lunch box, door knob, textile processing machine. |
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304Cu |
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13Cr-7.7Ni-2Cu |
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In 304 steel's foundations, reduced S, the Mn content, increases the N element, prevents the plasticity to reduce, enhances the intensity, reduces the steel products thickness. |
The component, the street light, store the watering can, the water pipe |
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304N1 |
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18Cr-8Ni-N |
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With 304 compared, increased N, Nb, used the high-tensile steel for the structural element. |
The component, the street light, store the watering can |
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304N2 |
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18Cr-8Ni-N |
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Because increases Mo, therefore its corrosion resistance, bears the atmospheric corrosiveness and the strength at high temperatures is specially good, may use under the strict cool condition; Processing hardenability superior (nonmagnetic). |
In the sea water uses production equipment and so on equipment, chemistry, dye, papermaking, oxalic acid, fertilizer; Photography, food industry, coastal area facility, rope, CD pole, bolt, nut |
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316 |
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18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo |
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As 316 aluminum's low C series, besides have the same characteristic with 316 steel, its anti-crystal boundary corrosiveness is superior. |
in 316 steel's uses, resistance crystal boundary corrosiveness has the ad hoc request product. |
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316L |
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18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo low-carbon |
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Increases the Ti element in 304 steel to prevent the intergranular corrosion; Suits in uses under 430℃-900℃ the temperature. |
Aircraft, exhaust pipe, boiler steam drum |
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321 |
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18Cr-9Ni-Ti |
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Because increased the Ti element, therefore its high temperature corrosion resistance and the strength at high temperatures are good. |
Automobile exhaust pipe, heat change machine, container and so on after welding not heat treatment product. |
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Iron |
409L |
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11.3Cr-0.17Ti- low C, N |
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Usually |
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Body |
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In 410 steel's foundations, reduced contained the C quantity, its workability, the anti-welding deformation, the thermostable oxidability was outstanding. |
The physical construction uses, the engine exhaust pipe, the boiler combustion chamber, the burner. |
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410L |
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Steel |
13Cr- low C |
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As ferrite steel's representative the aluminum, the heat expansion rate arrives, the forming and bears the oxidability to be superior. |
Heat-resisting appliance, burner, electrical appliances product, 2 kind of tableware, kitchen bath tank, exterior finishing materials, bolt, nut, CD pole, strainer |
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430 |
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16Cr |
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In 430 steel, increased elements and so on Cu, Nb; Its corrosion resistance, the forming, the weldability and the thermostable oxidability are good. |
Constructs the exterior finishing materials, the auto parts, the hot and cold supplies equipment. |
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430J1L |
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18-Cr0.5Cu-Nb- low C.N |
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The thermal stability, bears the abradability to be good, because includes Nb, the Zr element, therefore its workability, the weldability is outstanding. |
Washer, automobile exhaust pipe, electronic products, 3 bottom pot. |
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436L |
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18Cr-1Mo-Ti, Nb, Zr low C, N |
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As martensite steel representative steel, although the intensity is high, but does not suit under the strict cool corrosion environment uses; Its workability is good, according to heat treatment surface hardening (magnetic). |
Knife edge, machine parts, petroleum concise installment, bolt, nut, pump lever, 1 kind of tableware (knife and fork). |
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Horse |
410 |
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13Cr- low-carbon |
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Body
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After the quenching, degree of hardness is high, corrosion resistance good (magnetic). |
Tableware (knife), turbine leaf blade. |
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Steel |
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420J1 |
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13Cr-0.2C
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After the quenching, elevates (magnetic) compared to the 420J1 steel degree of hardness. |
Knife edge, nose, valve, board ruler, tableware (scissors, knife). |
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420J2 |
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13Cr-0.3C |
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