中文版A kind of machine parts general name which the fastener for two either two above components (or component) fastens connects into when a whole uses.
The fastener is makes the fastening connection with, and applies extremely widespread kind of machine parts. In each kind of machinery, the equipment, the vehicles, the ships, the railroad, the bridge, the building, the structure, the tool, the instrument, the measuring appliance and the thing above and so on, may see all kinds of fastener. Its characteristic is the variety specification is many, the performance use varies, moreover standardized, serialized, the universalized kind extremely is also high. Therefore also some people had a national standards kind of fastener to be called the standard fastener, or Jian Chengwei standard letter.
The fastener includes: The bolt, the stud, the bolt, the nut, the gasket, sell
The fastener, in the market is also called the standard letter. Is makes kind of machine parts which the fastening connection uses, the application is extremely widespread. Fastener’s characteristic:: The variety specification is many, the performance use varies, moreover standardized, serialized, the universalized degree is extremely high. Therefore, also some people had the country (profession) a standard kind of fastener to be called the standard fastener, the Jian Chengwei standard letter.
Because each concrete fastener product’s specification, the size, the common difference, the weight, the performance, the surface condition, the mark method, as well as project and so on acceptance inspection, symbol and packing specific requests, are stipulated separately in several countries (profession) in the standard, for example has the British system, the German standard and the US standard.
The fastener is applies the most widespread mechanical foundation. In 2001 joined WTO along with our country and marches into the international trade great nation the ranks. Our country fastener product exports various countries, various countries fastener product also unceasingly to emerge the Chinese market massively. The fastener one of as our country import and export quantity big products, realizes with the international trail connection, to impels the Chinese Fastener Enterprise to move toward the world, promotes the fastener enterprise comprehensive participation international cooperation and the competition, has uses the important demonstration significance and the strategic sense.
A kind of machine parts general name which when the fastener is (or component) fastens two either two above components connects into sees whole uses. In the market is also called the standard letter.
It usually includes following 12 kind of components:
1. Bolt: (Have a kind of fastener which by the forehead and the screw rod external screw thread circular cylinder) two parts are composed, must with the nut coordination, use in fastening connects two to have the through hole components. This kind of connection form calls the bold fastening. If the nut from the bolt top spin, has may cause these two components to separate, therefore the bold fastening belongs to the dismantable connection.
2. Stud: Does not have the forehead, only has the both sides to give extra the thread a kind of fastener. When connection, its end must turn on lathe into has in the box thread hole components, another end passes through has in the through hole components, then turns on lathe the upper nut, as soon as even if these two components fastening connects sees the whole. This kind of connection form is called the stud connection, also belongs to the dismantable connection. Mainly uses in of a thickness by union pieces being big, the request structure to be compact, because or disassembles frequently, is not suitable uses the bold fastening the situation.
3. Bolt: Also by the forehead and a screw rod two part of constitution’s kind of fastener, may divide into three kinds according to the use: Machine screw, clamping screw nail and special use bolt. The machine screw mainly uses in a clamping screw pit the components, has between the through hole components fastening connection with one, does not need the nut coordination (this kind of connection form to be called the screw fastening, also belongs to the dismantable connection; May also with the nut coordination, use in two having between the through hole components fastening connection. ) the clamping screw nail mainly uses between the fixed two components the relative position. The special use bolt for example has the suspension loop bolt and so on to use for the hoisting components.
4. Nut: Has the box thread hole, the shape assumes generally is obviously cylindrical for the flat hexagon, also has assumes the flat side cylindrical or oblate cylindrical, coordinates the bolt, the stud or the machine screw, uses in fastening connects two components, causes it to become a whole.
5. Tapping screw: Is similar with the machine screw, but on screw rod’s thread uses the thread for the special-purpose tapping screw. Uses in fastening connects two thin steel works, causes it to become a whole, on the component needs to generate the eyelet beforehand, because this kind of bolt has the high degree of hardness, may turn on lathe into directly component’s hole, causes in the component to form the response the box thread. This kind of connection form also belongs to the dismantable connection.
6. Wood screw: Is also similar with the machine screw, but on screw rod’s thread for the special-purpose wood screw with the Luo grain, may turn on lathe into the lignin component directly (or components), uses in a belt through hole metal (or nonmetallic) the components with a lignin component fastening connects in together. This kind of connection is also belongs may disassemble the connection.
7. Gasket: The shape assumes an oblate ring-like kind of fastener. Puts in the bolt, the bolt or between nut’s bearing surface and the union piece surface, plays is increasing by the union piece faying surface area, reduces the pressure and the protection by the union piece surface not the role which damages; Another kind of elastic washer, but can also play is preventing the nut to return to the pine the role.
8. Elastic ring: For installs in the machine, in equipment’s axis trough or the aperture, plays is preventing the role which in the axis or about the hole components moves.
9. Selling: Mainly uses for the components localization, some may also supply the components connection, the retaining element, the transmission power or locks other fastener.
10. Rivet: By the forehead and a nail pole two part of constitution’s kind of fastener, uses in fastening connects two belt through holes the components (or component), causes it to become a whole. This kind of connection form is called the rivet connection, the abbreviation riveted joint. Is with is not dismantable connects. Because must make to connect in the together two components separate, must destroy on the components the rivet.
11. Assembly and connection: The assembly is refers to the combination supply a kind of fastener, if some kind of machine screw (either bolt, confesses bolt) with the plain washer (or spring washer, locking washer) combines the supply; Connects vice-refers to some kind of special-purpose bolt, the nut and a gasket combination supply kind of fastener, if the steel structure connects with the high strength big hexagonal head tap bolt.
12. Welds the nail: Because the energy of light and the nail head (or do not have the different races fastener which nail head) constitutes, with welding method his permanent connection in components (or component) above, with the aim of carrying on the connection again with other components.
Each kind of fastener product must involve several aspect content the standard:
1) Fastener product size aspect standard: Concrete provision product basic size aspect content; Brings the thread product, but also includes the thread the basic size, the thread to conclude, shoulder the distance, tool escape and bevel edge, external screw thread components aspect contents and so on terminal size.
2) Fastener product engineering factor aspect standard. Includes the following several aspect content specifically the standard:
a) Fastener product common difference aspect standard: Concrete provision product size common difference and shape position common difference aspect content.
b) Fastener product mechanical property aspect standard: Concrete provision product mechanical property rank mark method as well as mechanical property project and request aspect content; Some fastener product changes this content the product material performance or the operating performance aspect content.
c) Fastener product surface defect aspect standard: Concrete provision product aspect and so on surface defect type and specific request contents.
d) Fastener product surface treatment aspect standard: Concrete provision product aspect and so on surface treatment type and specific request contents.
e) Fastener product testing aspect standard: Concrete provision above each performance requirement experiment aspect content.
3) Fastener product acceptance testing and evaluation inspection, symbol and packing aspect standard: When concrete provision product leaving the plant approval spot-checks the project standard quality level and the sampling scheme, as well as product symbol method and packing request aspect content.
4) Fastener product mark method aspect standard: Concrete provision product complete mark method and simplified mark method aspect content.
5) Fastener other aspect standard: If fastener terminology aspect standard, fastener product weight standard and so on.
(what 1 standard is commonly used is the German sign and beautiful sign)
GB (GB code) ISO (international standard)
DIN (German standard) JIS (date sign)
ANSI /ASME (American National Standards Institute - ANSI; American Society Of Mechanical Engineers - ASME) (beautiful sign)
BS (British system) IFI =Industrial Fastener Institute is American Industry Fastener Association’s standard BA (British system)
2 threads
M. MF (metric system tooth)
UNC. (US standard coarse thread)
UNF (US standard fine thread)
UNEF (US standard ultra fine thread)
B.S.W. Standard Hui coarse thread series, general-utility straight thread (British system tooth)
B.S.F. Standard Hui fine thread series, general-utility straight thread (British system tooth)
fine pitch thread fine thread
full thread perfect thread
3 screw heads
IHH=ind hex head saws the hexagonal head
PH=phillips ten character troughs
Pan round head (women’s hairdo with hair in a spiral on top or behind the head)
Oval partly sinks the head
H.W.H. Hexagonal small flange
H.W.F. Hexagonal big flange
CSK salad (sinks)
Large wafer pit flat head
Bugle loudspeaker head
Truss plate head harness pad
Pozi metric system trough
Under the Serra-tion pad is wounded in battle
Flower Head opens the skill
in 6-bobes recess plum blossom
Cup head cup head
4 common fastener names
split the washer spring shim (general factory can manage washer to be called “the Chinese Department”)
flat washer even filling piece
Self tapping screw from tapping
Self drilling screw from drills the screw
drywall screw does the wall screw/to do the wall screw/wall to use the screw
high low screw height tooth screw
collated screw caterpillar tread screw
Concrete screw cement screw
Tri-lobular thread screw triangle screw
kep nut stopping nut
acorn nut box nut
wing washer wing section filling piece
eye the bolt eye screw (is also called eye bolt, actually this calls law to be many, is probably different local reason)
Piston bolt piston bolt
Winding bolt coil bolt
Hexagon head bolts hexagonal head tap bolt
Hexagon flange bolts hexagon flange bolt
Carriage bolt horse-drawn vehicle bolt
Square head bolt coach bolt
Flat countersink square neck bolts sinks a square neck bolt
Flat counter sunk nib bolts sinks head harness tenon bolt
Cross recessed pan head tapping screws ten character trough women’s hairdo with hair in a spiral on top or behind the head tapping screw
(if saw on blueprint labelling # 2 or # 20 and so on, are refers to this screw’s forehead to suit 2 or 20 screw drivers)
5 surface treatment way
BO=black the oxide oxidation becomes dark (, if labels black merely, is refers to does blacks processing)
Zinc plated galvanization
cementation cementation
nylon patch bore falls (just saw time was defers to the wording translation directly “the nylon piece”, takes time manager who looked to manager to compare the blueprint to look to me said quite a while your you looked up English which bore falls, really---)
on 6 other blueprints possibly appears labelling
Thread great diameter: Major Diam
Pitch diameter: Pitch diam
Bottom diameter: Minor diam
Passes stops the gauge: Go/No go gage
Mechanical property: mechanical and physical properties
unified thread unified inch thread
After Lustrate hydrogen after galvanizing to avoid hydrogen embrittlement plates the dehydrogenation, prevents the hydrogen embrittlement
Case carburization case hardening
With across flats opposite side
With across corners opposite angle
Radius of fillet: Under fillet
Transition thread length excessive thread
Wrenching height pulls twists the altitude
Rockwell chromium degree of hardness
Vickers vickers hardness
Brinell Brinell hardness
Metallography microscope metallography microscope
Salt spray device salt-fog test box
Tensile testing machine tensile testing machine
Cold forming Leng Da
Hot forging red dui
P C 8 = property class 8 mechanical property 8 levels
Raw material: Raw material
Spheroidizing: Annealing
Cold draw: Drawing
Leng Dui: Forming
Machining: Machining
Thread formation: Roll Threading
Heat treatment: heat-treatment
Surface treatment: finish
Dehydrogenation: Lustrating hydrogen
Examination: Inspection
Packing: Packing
Warehousing: Stocking
Lathe: lathe
Grinding: grinding
Hits red: hot forging
Ramming: punching
7 customs codes
73181500 bolts
73181600 cap nuts
73182100 gaskets
73181100 square head screws
73182300 rivets
73181400 tapping screws
73182400 sell and the split pin
Overseas commonly used inch thread code number, name and standard number
Mark code number name (or use) nationality standard number note
B.S.W. Standard Hui coarse thread series, general-utility straight thread Britain standard
The BS84 tooth angle is 55° inch thread
B.S.F. Standard Hui fine thread series, general-utility straight thread
Whit.S attaches Hui may choose the series, general-utility straight thread
Whit Hui tooth’s non-standard thread
UN constant pitch series unified thread American standard
The ANSIB1.1 standard tooth (tooth bottom is even or optional round), external screw thread
UNC coarse thread series unified thread
UNF fine thread series unified thread
UNEF superfine dentition row unified thread
UNS① Special series unified thread
UNR circular arc tooth bottom constant pitch series unified thread circular arc tooth bottom UNR, UNRC, UNRF,
UNREF, UNRS only use in the external screw thread not having the box thread
UNRC circular arc tooth bottom coarse thread series unified thread
UNRF circular arc tooth details dentition row unified thread
UNREF circular arc tooth bottom superfine dentition row unified thread
UNRS circular arc tooth bottom special series unified thread
NPT② General-utility awl pipe thread American standard
The ANSIB1.20.1 tooth angle is 60° British system pipe thread
The NPSC pipe connection uses the ascending pipe thread
The NPTR guide rod connection uses the awl pipe thread
The NPSM solderless joint uses the ascending pipe thread
The NPSL stopping nut uses the ascending pipe thread
The NPSH hose connection uses the ascending pipe thread
NPTF does the seal standard type awl pipe thread American standard
ANSIB1.20.3 Ⅰ
PTF-SAE SHORT does seals the short awl pipe thread Ⅱ
NPSF does the seal standard type fuel oil to use the ascending pipe box thread Ⅲ
NPS1 does the seal standard type to use the ascending pipe box thread generally Ⅳ
ACME③ General-utility acme thread American standard
ANSIB1.5
The tooth angle is 29° British system transmission thread
①The size and the common difference use and the standard series same formula calculate outside standard series all diameters and pitch combination.
②Our country 60° circular cone pipe thread GB/T12716-1991 with it equivalent.
③ACME thread including general-utility and calm two kind of coordinate acme thread, general-utility and our country standard GB/T5796-1986 stipulation acme thread performance resembling with
